2016年8月9日星期二

英美消息左右 金價短期乏力

石林
兩則略超出市場估計的消息,左右上周金市波動:一則為英倫銀行減息且重購國債;另一則是美國上月新增非農業職位25.5萬份,遠多於市場預期。前者令回揚中的金價再度爬升,但現貨金價乃止步於1368美元;後者使調整中的美元復強,壓抑金價。
上週末金價回落到1335.4美元收市,較對上一周跌22.7美元或1.67%。同期銀市現貨價止步於20.78美元,回跌至19.655美元收市,全週跌0.64美元或3.15%。
美元續強不利金市
上文說的消息略超出市場估計,原因是早前日本央行及美國聯儲局均大致維持原來的貨幣政策,未因英國脫歐而採取大量寬鬆手段,使市場認為全球央行的取向大致如此,想不到英國竟將利率降至歷來新低水平,且再乞靈於量寬政策。另一邊廂,美國就業情況改善之勢本已放緩,豈料卻又反高潮,反映該國經濟緩慢增長的力度尚存。
上述消息傳達出若干訊息,央行迄今不致摒棄量化寬鬆手段去挽救或支持經濟,雖然過去數年實踐證明此法並非全然奏效,而且其邊際效應已告遞減。此情鼓舞金市牛方,他們認為央行若再行量寬,無疑支持金市繼續回復向上。
但若仔細分析,英國再行量寬未必全然有利金價,因這突顯美國貨幣政策繼續與其他主要國家背道而馳。儘管美國加息步伐一再放緩,但實際環境和聯儲局態度都沒有顯示要扭轉貨幣政策正常化的路向,更無呈示要掉過頭來實施負利率政策。
美國與其他主要國家貨幣政策保持背馳狀態,最終會令美元維持相對強勢,起碼不致令美元變成大弱勢,金市遂缺乏再大幅攀升的重要客觀條件。
美國就業情況續獲改善,經濟增長力度仍在,無怪美元又再轉強,最終令金價被壓抑下去,最近金價已回復與美元互呈反向的正常狀態。
金市牛方還有一個支持金價看漲的理由,就是全球經濟可能陷入滯脹局面。但敝欄認為此一觀點缺乏堅實理據。
按現時情況,全​​球經濟繼續停滯不前誠然有可能,但不致出現通脹明顯惡化。回顧典型滯脹是發生在上世紀八十年代初,但當時的美國貨幣流動速率處於高峰,而目前是處於歷來低位,很難想像現時環境會產生高通脹。多國政府將通脹目標訂在2%的水平,但經多年努力,此目標竟未達致,又何來會出現滯脹的局面呢?
留意美10年債息走向
商品價格最近確是連升3週,但就CRB商品指數而言,這只是跌穿今年以來上升軌後的反彈。目前通脹暫不是一個問題,要留意的倒是金市中長線技術走勢確實回復向好,但近期未能升越1377美元的前高點,而在1310至1368美元之間形成一個長方形走勢。上週五金價從該長方形頂部明顯回落,有回試底部的傾向。在此途中,1325美元水平可能有若干支持,但在1350美元已有阻力。
銀市亦未能再試21.2美元的前高點,近期在19.2至20.8美元之間上落,現也有回試長方形底部的傾向。在此途中,19.5美元會有若干支持,但在20美元已有回升阻力。
對於金銀後市而言,上述長方形底部能否固守至為重要。目前宜留意美國10年期債券孳息率會否重越1.6厘水平,因這代表美國利率確有重拾回穩的傾向。

2016年8月2日星期二

無嘢好買等買金

1金融High Tea 2016年8月1日  
 

  上周四期指結算一過,港股翌日隨即回軟,上周五恒指跌282點,收21891點。當天外圍股市相對平靜,內地上證綜指跌0.5%,港股跌幅較外圍高,多多少少顯示港股過了期指結算日,不再有好友托市,大市動力轉弱。 

  上周初,內地股市受政策影響回落,恒指卻

沒有下跌。港股近期走勢較強,有人解釋係因為內地經濟差,中央放水救市,所以炒起港股。我卻不同意這個說法,主要有兩個方面。第一、牽引港股的外圍力量,其實主要是美股,並非內地股,美股近期連創新高,內地股市卻在橫行,可見港股是給美股帶動向上。美股之所以上升,主要是環球避險情緒影響,特別是英國脫歐,嚇到部份資金由歐洲逃到美國,推升美股,但也不見得美國經濟極之強健,可以持續吸引資金流入。 

  港股向上 靠晒美股 
  美國上周五公佈第2季國內生產總值(GDP)年率化按季升1.2%,差過市場預期升2.6%。公佈同時調低美國今年第1季GDP的終值,由按季升1.1%降至升0.8%。經濟唔好令加息預期降溫,杜指上周五微跌24點,但標普500指數收升3點,收報2173點,創了新高。呢種經濟弱創高位的股市,好難大幅破位向上。 

  第二個問題,假設內地經濟唔好放水救市,谷高內地股市益咗港股,亦可能諗多咗。大家可能沒有留意,上周二中共中央政治局開會,明確提出「抑制資產泡沫」,主要是針對股市及樓市資產泡沫,特別是股市。開完會後,中國銀監會下發《商業銀行理財業務監督管理辦法(徵求意見稿)》至內地銀行,要求禁止發行分級理財產品、收緊投資比例限制。 

  2014年9月內地監管機構已提出「八條底線」(即不得有損害客戶利益的行為;不得違規承諾保本保收益;不得不適當地宣傳、誤導欺詐客戶;不得開展資金池業務;不得進行商業賄賂;槓桿率不得超過十倍;不得投資於國家禁止投資的行業;不得對管理團隊實施當期激勵)。今次再進一步,證監會收緊券商創新監管,推出銀行理財資金監管新規定。估計在早前打擊商品炒賣後,會再出現一波控股銀行以理財產品投放資金炒股的浪潮。 

  政治局下令防泡沫 
  內地證券界認為這些新措施實施後,股市的孖展槓桿比例將會大約收緊至1.1倍,令流入股市的資金大大減縮。現時,內地市場已經開始感受到資金收縮的痛楚,一些之前炒得好勁的三、四線妖股,已急速回調,相信與資金緊絀有關。內地股市缺水,仲邊度有水流到香港? 

  在中央希望內地股市及樓市能夠有健康發展的前提下,要控制炒風、壓抑槓桿資金,客觀效果是令資金由內地股市走到債市,炒股的資金更少。另外,中央為怕緊縮效果過大,也放水增加銀行體系的資金流動性,去壓低短期利率。結論是中央放水,但益不到股市。 

  內地缺水 港股無味 
  從這個看,中央的行動,方向雖然正確,但對股市卻不是利好消息,資金減少將造成股市低迷。所以,不要期望在未來一段時間,內地股市可以活躍向上,推升港股。 

  高盛出報告,估計內地8、9月會公佈「深港通」推出,10、11月將會實施。不過,我估計「深港通」的推出,只有概念上的作用,實質上對資金流入香港炒股的幫助不大,因為內地也缺水,怎會有很多資金流入香港? 

  現時以美國為首的環球股市以及債券都升到較高水平,資金沒有出路,唯有追逐高息股,所有東西都炒得很貴,風險不斷提升。有「新債王」之稱的DoubleLine Capital行政總裁岡拉克(Jeffrey Gundlach)話,許多資產表現黯淡,佢建議「繼續持有黃金和金礦股,其他東西都可以沽出」。岡拉克話,美國標普500指數續創新高,經濟仍疲弱,企業盈利停滯不前,美股投資者已經步入一個「超級自我感覺良好」的境界。 

  新債王乜都沽獨揸金 
  新「債王」岡拉克看淡國債前景,他對投資10年期國債不感興趣,主因賺不到錢,高企的債價走勢一旦逆轉,風險太大。岡拉克認為投資黃金和金礦股更穩陣,預測現貨金價將升見每盎司1400美元(現價1350美元)。岡拉克目前管理1000億美元資產,投資組合原本有大量國債,自英國脫歐公投後,資金避險令債價和美股急升,佢已經好唔自在,睇淡美股美債已不是始自今天。岡拉克在上月9日話,他的投資組合主要是優質債券、黃金和部份現金,這樣的組合比其他人都還要更賺錢,因為金價年初迄今已跳漲了28%,債券報酬也超過5%,至於金礦類股的漲幅更超過100%。他認為,金價再漲10%的機率有8成,但對漲幅已高的美國國債價格來說,再漲10%的機率卻僅有2成。岡拉克上次受訪時美股已逼近歷史高位,但未創新高,岡拉克已經搖頭說,也許標普500會再創新高,但此時絕非買進時間,因為標普500已經從1100點一路漲至2100點,現在(當時是2129點,現在更升至2173點)怎會是買進的好時機?他寧願錯過接下來續漲的100點,也不要做一個在2100點跳進去、卻眼睜睜看着指數碌落至1900點的傻瓜。 

  美股美債 升得太誇 
  岡拉克如此悲觀,因為人們認為美國企業盈利在明年有望成長15%,但名義GDP目前的增長速度比人工低,消費力下降,企業盈利率肯定會被壓縮,如此一來,明年美股盈利怎麼可能還會有15%成長?他更不確定在英國脫歐之後,美國企業還會有這麼強勁的成長力度。 

  岡拉克也看好今年已上漲12%的新興市場債券,理由是美元將轉弱。他說,過去一年多來,美元和聯儲局加息機率有驚人的正相關,目前市場預估聯儲局在今年11月底前都不會加息,美元即使在英國脫歐後強力反彈,但接下來日子恐怕不好過。 

  岡拉克這樣的超級芬佬,對高升的美股美債避之則吉,完全可以理解,因為揸大倉的人都係「人人貪婪時佢恐懼」,比較容易贏錢,但佢哋就會食唔盡最尾一段的升幅。 

  黃金強勢 候機低吸 
  岡拉克一注獨揸金,黃金的投資價值值得關注。黃金是無息貨幣,走勢往往與美元匯價呈反向相關,美元升,金價便跌。去年12月2日,反映美元對六大主要貨幣的美元指數升穿100到100.5高位時,金價在12月3日跌至1046.3美元低位(見附圖)。之後美元見頂回落,金價就見底回升。但在7月25日美元指數升上97.57的近期高位,金價低位只是1310.8美元,跌不穿1300美元關。回想去年11月美元指數升上97.5水平時,金價是1107.7美元,即是如今金價比當日同一美元水平已高了200美元。反映市場睇好黃金、睇淡貨幣。 

  上周聯儲局議息以後令市場覺得暫時美國不會加息,加上GDP數字唔靚,美元急回,上周五美元指數跌至95.53,黃金馬上反彈上1350.8美元水平,和7月11日的高位1374.8美元,只低1.7%,可見黃金相當強勢。 

  我同意岡拉克的講法,雖然黃金沒有利息,但在全球不斷印鈔票的情況下,黃金相對的價值會比較高。金價相對於樓價和美股,目前並不算貴,黃金幾年前曾去過高位1900美元,美股現時已創出新高,金價還是1350美元。原因主要是商品市場幾年前崩盤拖低金價。但睇真啲黃金與其他商品有很大分別,其他商品很多受到工業使用的影響,黃金與工業生產無關。黃金更像一種貨幣,當各種貨幣都減到接近沒有利息時,黃金這種貨幣變得相對便宜。萬一股市債市突然出現崩潰性下跌,黃金將會更加值錢。 

  我對黃金的睇法係候低吸納,慢慢儲貨。但如想買金礦股就不宜過急,它們的股價近期已相當高。例如招金礦業(1818) ,近期曾抽上10.2元高位,其後急回到8.9元,但仍比年初高出很多。待金價回到1300美元下方,招金礦業有機會跌穿7元,到時是吸納的時機。在金股急速回落時分段買入,可以拉低成本。無嘢好買,就候機買黃金和金礦股吧。 

  陸羽仁

2016年8月1日星期一

金價力守1310伺機回升

石林:
今年7月剛過去,金市以1350.4美元結束該月份的交易,銀市則收報20.285美元。今年以來7個月,以月底收市價而論,金市有5個月報升,只有2個月報跌,金價比去年底上漲了289.4美元或27.27%。
銀市則有6個月報升,只有1個月報跌,銀價迄今比去年底上漲了6.47美元或46.83%。
其他貴金屬今年內至今亦報升,升幅不相伯仲,鉑金升幅為28.86%,鈀金升幅為26.29%。由此觀之是白銀升幅最大,其中的一個原因是過去數年銀價跌幅過大,銀價與金價的比率也過度偏低。
然而,與貴金屬直接相關的市場,銀價年內的升幅尚非最大,摘冠的應屬金甲蟲指數HUI,升幅高達146.73%。請別忘了,該指數在過去數年曾慘跌八成三,可說曾置諸死地但而後生。
上周美國及日本兩大央行分別進行議息,平心而論,結果不屬太大意外。兩央行皆小心從事,聯儲局並沒有放棄再加息的計劃,仍要繼續觀察全球經濟和美國相關數據的演變而定;而日本央行一如事前宣揚,並沒有再大規模施行量寬政策,因為當局認為此類做法的邊際效應已在遞減,故亦暫作觀望。
市場估低息持續
然而,市場對上述兩央行做法另有反應,主流意見是認為全球低息環境仍將繼續,特別是估計未來一段時間美國難以再加息。所以在兩大央行議息後,美元匯價轉弱,美國債券價格再度回揚,而孳息率繼續軟落。
有一點較為意外,上週五晚公佈美國今年第二季GDP增長只得1.2%,遠遜於市場預期的2.6%。此數據反映美國經濟在緩慢途中可能又遇到新問題。聯儲局在周三的議息新聞公佈仍對美國經濟抱審慎樂觀態度,且認為通脹為2%的目標在一段時間可以達到,疲弱的GDP增長數據卻令人對聯儲局所持的態度存疑,因該似乎與現實顯得脫節。
於是市場對此數據反應的情緒,比對議息結果的反應更大,美元回跌更急,美債價續升,而孳息率再弱,此三點均有利金價再度回揚。
金市原對於較早前累積升幅進行消化整固,見諸於美期金市的未平倉合約總量從高峰迴降,金價卻力守在1310美元水位之上,近兩個月的上升軌仍維持完整,技術上續向好,上述消息令金市乘機從調整低位向上回升。
通脹難大幅回升
金市的新升勢存在一些隱憂,首先是期金市的倉位結構續處於高度不穩定狀態;其次是看好者眾,金礦股看漲百分比指數仍企於92.66的極高水平。還有,美國第二季GDP增長低於預期,再顯露一個較深的問題,就是美國的貨幣流動速率仍在下滑。其中M1貨幣流速現為5.741,乃自1974年第三季以來的新低;M2貨幣流速為1.448,MZM貨幣流速為1.302,均屬有記錄以來的新低。
在此背景下,很難有通脹大幅回升出現,無怪商品價格最近作出調整。
鑑於上述原因,估計金市短期仍然難升越1392美元的大阻力,而在1377美元及1368美元分別有回升阻力,但在1338美元及1325美元則分別有支持。
銀市的倉位結構更進一步極端化,但上週五的升幅不及金市。現估計銀市短期仍難升越21.6美元的大阻力,而在21.2美元及20.8美元分別有回升阻力,而在19.9美元及19.5美元分別有支持。本週五將公佈美國最新就業數據,屆時或又有一番炒作,關鍵仍看美債價及孳息率對此的反應。

2016年7月31日星期日

'Sell everything,' DoubleLine's Gundlach says


Sat Jul 30, 2016 | 9:47 AM EDT

By Jennifer Ablan NEW YORK

(Reuters) - Jeffrey Gundlach, the chief executive of DoubleLine Capital, said on Friday that many asset classes look frothy and his firm continues to hold gold, a traditional safe-haven, along with gold miner stocks.

Noting the recent run-up in the benchmark Standard & Poor's 500 index while economic growth remains weak and corporate earnings are stagnant, Gundlach said stock investors have entered a “world of uber complacency.”

The S&P 500 on Friday touched an all-time high of 2,177.09, while the government reported that U.S. gross domestic product in the second quarter grew at a meager 1.2 percent rate.

“The artist Christopher Wool has a word painting, 'Sell the house, sell the car, sell the kids.' That’s exactly how I feel – sell everything. Nothing here looks good,” Gundlach said in a telephone interview. "The stock markets should be down massively but investors seem to have been hypnotized that nothing can go wrong."

Gundlach, who oversees more than $100 billion at Los Angeles-based DoubleLine, said the firm went "maximum negative" on Treasuries on July 6 when the yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note hit 1.32 percent.

"We never short in our mainline strategies. We also never go to zero Treasuries. We went to lower weightings and change the duration," Gundlach said.

Currently, the yield on the 10-year Treasury note is 1.45 percent, which has translated into some profits so far for DoubleLine.

"The yield on the 10-year yield may reverse and go lower again but I am not interested. You don't make any money. The risk-reward is horrific," Gundlach said. "There is no upside" in Treasury prices.

Gundlach reiterated that gold and gold miners are the best alternative to Treasuries and predicted gold prices will reach $1,400. U.S. gold on Friday settled up at $1,349 per ounce.

Gundlach lambasted Federal Reserve officials yet again for talking up rate hikes for this year while the latest GDP data showed disappointing economic growth. "The Fed is out to lunch. Does the Fed look at what's going on in the economy? It is unbelievable," he said.

Overall, Gundlach said the Bank of Japan's decision on Friday to stick with its minus 0.1 percent benchmark rate - and refrain from deeper cuts - reflects the limitations of monetary policy. "You can't save your economy by destroying your financial system," he said.

(Reporting By Jennifer Ablan; Editing by Marguerita Choy and Leslie Adler)


【on.cc東網專訊】 據外媒,有「新債王」之稱的DoubleLine Capital行政總裁岡拉克(Jeffrey Gundlach)表示,很多資產已呈現泡沫化迹象,故公司已轉為持有最傳統的避險天堂──黃金,以及金礦相關股票,預測金價將高見每安士1,400美 元。

岡拉克指,標指一直創新高,但經濟增長依然疲弱,且企業盈利幾乎停滯,揶揄股票投資者已經進入了「超級自滿的世界。」

事實上,標指周五盤中最高見2,177點,再創歷史新高,惟當日最新數據卻顯示美國第二季GDP僅增1.2%,遠遜預期的2.5%增幅。

岡拉克引用Christopher Wool的經典字畫,"Sell the house, sell the car, sell the kids."(賣屋,賣車,賣孩子。),指這完全反映他的想法,就是要盡沽所有投資!他認為股市應該大跌,但很多投資者卻已被催眠了,以為一切安好。

對於公司的投資策略,岡拉克指,當10年期美國國債收益率於本月6日跌至1.32%的時候,公司開始將該些國債盡情地沽出,同時大量降低國債的投資佔比,以及轉持其他年期的國債。目前,10年期美國國債收益率已回升至1.45%水平,反映公司帳面上已有獲利。

他認為,雖然國債收益率有可能再次回落,但已沒有興趣理會它,因其根本賺不到錢,而且風險回報十分可怕,認為美國國債價格再無上漲空間。

岡拉克重申,黃金及金礦相關股票將是美國國債的最佳替代品,並預測金價將高見每安士1,400美元。

不過,黃金期貨於周五收市已見每安士1,357美元,即使升至1,400美元,潛在升幅也僅約3.1%。

另外,對於聯儲局官員仍預計美國今年可以加息,岡拉克認為,他們根本無視了令人失望的美國經濟數據。

談及日本央行未如預期般擴大刺激政策,他指這反映了目前日本貨幣政策的局限性,指央行「不能破壞自己的金融體系來拯救經濟。」



2016年7月30日星期六

意大利第三大銀行接獲瑞銀救助建議



 
意大利第三大銀行西雅那銀行(Monte dei Paschi di Siena)公布,接獲瑞士銀行的最後一刻救助貸款計劃。

該銀行沒有披露計劃細節,只提及收到兩封分別來自瑞銀與意大利前工業部長Corrado Passera的信件。銀行發言人回應稱,兩封信均提及同一個救助貸款計劃提案,而銀行董事會須時間審視建議,以及要求對方提供更詳細資料,一旦有結果將會盡早對外公布。

歐洲央行周五將發表歐洲銀行界壓力測試結果,開業544年的西雅那銀行預期不能夠通過測試,勢必被央行要求大幅減少壞賬及增加股本。

路透引述消息人士指出,曾出任意大利最大零售銀行Intesa Sanpaolo主管的Passera,將於周五向西雅那董事會陳述救助方案。

據消息人士稱,瑞銀在救助計劃內有參與,而計劃是銀行現有融資計劃外的另一個選擇。西雅那正爭取一個由不同銀行組成的財團,向其注資50億歐羅。該計劃是由摩根大通與Mediobanca籌劃。不過,周四有消息指出,三間銀行無意參與該計劃,但花旗、美銀、德銀與瑞信則有興趣參與,野村與法興則未有回應。

Silver — Once and Future Money

 

 

Before the Renaissance, world money existed as precious metal coins or bullion. Caesars and kings hoarded gold and silver, dispensed it to their troops, fought over it, and stole it from each other. Land has been another form of wealth since antiquity. Still, land is not money because, unlike gold and silver, it cannot easily be exchanged, and has no uniform grade.
In the fourteenth century, Florentine bankers (called that because they worked on a bench or banco in the piazzas of Florence and other city states), accepted deposits of gold and silver in exchange for notes which were a promise to return the gold and silver on demand. The notes were a more convenient form of exchange than physical metal. They could be transported long distances and redeemed for gold and silver at branches of a Florentine family bank in London or Paris.

Bank notes were not unsecured liabilities, rather warehouse receipts on precious metals.

Renaissance bankers realized they could put the precious metals in their custody to other uses, including loans to princes. This left more notes issued than physical metal in custody. Bankers relied on the fact that the notes would not all be redeemed at once, and they could recoup the gold and silver from princes and other parties in time to meet redemptions. Thus was born “fractional reserve banking” in which physical metal held is a fraction of paper promises made.

Despite the advent of banking, notes, and fractional reserves, gold and silver retained their core role as world money. Princes and merchants still held gold and silver coins in purses and stored precious metals in vaults. Bullion and paper promises stood side-by-side. Still, the system was bullion-based.

Silver performed a leading role in this system. This is seen in the success of the Spanish dollar, an eight-real coin, called in Spanish the real de a ocho, or piece-of-eight. The Spanish dollar contained 0.885 ounces of pure silver. It was a 22-karat coin with a total weight of 0.96 ounces (once an alloy was added for durability).

The Spanish Empire minted the real de a ocho to compete as currency with the Joachimsthaler of the Holy Roman Empire. The Joachimsthaler was a silver coin minted in the St. Joachim Valley (thal in German). The word Joachimsthaler was later shortened to taler, cognate with the word “dollar” in English.

Both the Spanish piece-of-eight and the German taler were predecessors of the American silver dollar. Spanish dollars were legal tender in the United States until 1857. As late as 1997, the New York Stock Exchange traded shares in units of one-eighth of a dollar, a legacy of the original silver piece-of-eight.

Similar silver coinage was adopted in Burgundy, the Netherlands (called the leeuwendaalder or “lion dollar”), and Mexico from the seventeenth century. Spanish silver dollars were widely used in world trade. Silver was almost the only commodity accepted by China in exchange for Chinese manufactures until the nineteenth-century. China put its own chop on the Spanish coins to make them a circulating currency in China. If gold was the first world money, silver was the first world currency.

Silver’s popularity as a monetary standard was based on supply-and-demand. Gold was always scarce, silver more readily available. Charlemagne invented quantitative easing, or “QE,” in the ninth century by substituting silver for gold coinage to increase the money supply in his empire. Spain did the same in the sixteenth century.

Silver has most of gold’s attractions. Silver is of uniform grade, malleable, relatively scarce, and pleasing to the eye. After the U.S. made gold possession a crime in 1933, silver coins circulated freely. The U.S. minted 90% solid silver coins until 1964. Debasement started in 1965.

Depending on the particular coin — dimes, quarters, or half-dollars — the silver percentage dropped from 90% to 40%, and eventually to zero by the early 1970s. Since then, U.S. coins in circulation contain copper and nickel.
From antiquity until the mid-twentieth century, citizens of even modest means might have some gold or silver coins. Today there are no circulating gold or silver coins. Such coins as exist are bullion — kept out of sight.



Here’s a close-up of a silver ingot. These ingots are stamped (just like paper money) with important information. Here, you can clearly see stamps for the refinery that produced the ingot (Argor Heraeus), the country of origin (Switzerland), and the purity of the silver (999.9). There is also a stamp for the assayer (MH Melter) who tests the purity. The ingots are also stamped with a date (this ingot is 2016), and a unique serial number (not shown).
Is it time to add silver to your portfolio?
At Intelligence Triggers, we use a method called causal inference to make forecasts about events arising in complex systems, such as capital markets. Causal inference methodology is based on Bayes’ Theorem, an early 19th century formula first discovered by Thomas Bayes. The formula looks like this in its modern mathematical form:




In plain English, this formula says that by updating our initial understanding through unbiased new information, we improve our understanding. I learned to use this method while working at CIA, and we apply it at Intelligence Triggers today.

The left side of the equation is an initial estimate of the probability of an event happening. New information goes into right hand side of the equation. If it’s consistent with our estimate, it goes into the numerator (which increases the odds of our expected outcome). If it’s inconsistent, it goes into the denominator (which lowers the odds of our expected outcome).

In this case, we have used the formula to estimate the probabilities of a significant rise in the price of silver in the next six months. We estimate a 60% probability that the price of silver will increase at least 25% in the next six months. That’s a strong enough signal to trigger a “buy” recommendation using our proprietary Kissinger Cross methodology.
We update our forecast continually based on new information. What are some of the data points included in our most recent updated forecast?
  • The price of silver has shown great resilience in the face of significant headwinds. Silver has backed off a bit from its recent high of $20.37 per ounce on July 13. But, it’s holding around the $19.50 per ounce level, the highest price in two years. This is true despite a bearish commitment of traders report from the COMEX, approaching futures expiration (usually a time for downward price pressure by shorts), reduced Brexit fears, increased COMEX margin requirements, a stronger dollar, and a new round of tough talk from the Fed about rate hikes coming in September.Normally, any one of these factors would be enough to push silver significantly off the recent highs. The fact that silver has been resilient in the face of all six factors at once is a bullish sign
  • In addition to holding up well in the face of bearish factors, silver is set to get a boost from several bullish factors that have not yet been fully priced in by the markets. Despite the recent strong dollar and tough talk from the Fed, the U.S. economy cannot afford a strong dollar. The strong dollar is deflationary and pushes the Fed further away from its inflation targets. The Fed will not raise rates in September (and probably not for the rest of this year). Once that dovish signal gets priced in by the markets, the dollar will weaken and the dollar price of silver will get a boost
  • Regardless of which party wins the U.S. presidential election in November, the U.S. is set for a round of helicopter money (fiscal stimulus monetized by the Fed) in 2017. If Hillary Clinton wins, that probably means a pick-up in Senate votes for Democrats and a bipartisan infrastructure spending bill. If Donald Trump wins, he has already promised massive infrastructure spending, starting with “The Wall.”
Either way, we’re looking at more spending, bigger deficits, more money printing and, eventually more inflation. The market’s anticipation of this outcome, starting in mid-November, will be a powerful tailwind for silver.
Regards,

Jim Rickards
for The Daily Reckoning



2016年7月29日星期五

羅傑斯喊價:黃金5000美元就賣


羅傑斯喊價:黃金5000美元就賣
7月26日,山西太原一家金店銷售人員展示熱銷產品「投資金條」。(中新社) 
羅傑斯喊價:黃金5000美元就賣
國際投資大師羅傑斯。(中新社資料照片) 

黃金價格在美國聯準會議息會議前夕回到損益平衡點,有國際金融大鱷之稱的羅傑斯26日出席「2016中國國際黃金大會」時表示,預期黃金價格會持續上漲,前景相當看好,不過他強調,黃金會先經歷下行、再往上走的過程,且往上走時可能會碰到「大泡沫」,預估落在2019到2020年。

第2屆中國國際黃金大會於26至28日在北京召開,論壇包括黃金礦業、黃金投資及黃金消費等3大領域,探討黃金礦產的採礦開發技術設備、海內外黃金巨頭的對話合作、黃金投資市場趨勢與投資產品創新、國際化,以及黃金珠寶業如何結合「互聯網+」新經濟商機等面向。

投資機構 進場避險

財華網報導,與會的羅傑斯表示,世界經濟正面臨嚴重衰退,加上受美國聯準會暫緩升息、地緣政治風險及英國脫歐等因素影響,全球投資機構的大量資金開始進入黃金市場避險,導致黃金ETF持倉量再度暴漲,因此,他看好黃金價格在未來幾年會上漲得更多。

羅傑斯指出,像金屬板塊的黃金、白銀、鋅、錫都值得投資,鐵礦石和礦山對長期投資者來說也是適合購入的時機,但他現階段不會買入黃金,會一直等黃金跌到每盎司1000美元以下時才會進場。

大鱷說笑 賣金買田

他也提醒投資人,黃金未來走勢將會先經歷下行、再往上走的過程,且往上走的過程會碰到「大泡沫」,因為金價會漲得非常高。《中國黃金報》報導,羅傑斯認為,黃金大泡沫的時間可能落在2019年或2020年。

對於轟動一時的「搶金大媽」,持有的黃金來到損益平衡點,該如何處置手中的黃金部位?羅傑斯開玩笑地說,「黃金到每盎司5000美元時,就可以拋售,然後,我到中國買農田」。

羅傑斯認為,中國的黃金市場,充滿投資價值,一旦市場開放後,相信中國黃金市場在全球影響力及定價能力將會愈來愈強。